Renewed Horn Fighting Raises Existing Pressure on Bab el-Mandeb Transit
The 2022 Pretoria Peace Agreement has effectively collapsed, triggering a multi-front war that threatens to destabilize the entire Horn of Africa, and the conflict in Ethiopia erupting into global headlines. The immediate catalyst was the formation of the Ethiopian Peoples’ Forces Alliance for Survival, a coalition of seven armed groups including the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which launched a coordinated offensive to overthrow Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s government. This alliance claims that the federal government has failed to implement the peace deal, particularly regarding the status of Western Tigray and the rights of displaced persons, arguing that military resistance is now the only path to securing political inclusion and autonomy. They contend that the government’s recent election, which they boycotted as illegitimate due to the exclusion of key regions, proved that dialogue is no longer viable. Conversely, the federal government maintains that it is defendin...